19 profiles in four groups. Each one covers the mechanism, the state of the evidence, doses used in published research, safety findings and molecular data, with a link to the matching or closest product at King Peptides.
Incretin agonists and a mitochondrial peptide, researched for body weight, glucose control and energy metabolism.
Investigational once-weekly peptide that switches on GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors at the same time. In a 48-week phase 2 trial the top dose lowered body weight by 24.2% on average; phase 3 is running.
Once-weekly peptide that activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors. SURMOUNT-1 reported a mean 20.9% weight reduction at 72 weeks on 15 mg; in the EU it is authorised as Mounjaro.
Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, authorised in the EU for type 2 diabetes and weight management. In STEP 1, 2.4 mg a week gave a mean 14.9% weight loss over 68 weeks, against 2.4% on placebo.
A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA and first described in 2015. In mice it improved insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity, partly through AMPK signalling; human data remain thin.
GHRH analogues, ghrelin-receptor agonists and an IGF-1 variant that act along the somatotropic axis.
Modified fragment of growth-hormone-releasing hormone. With the DAC linker it binds albumin and keeps working for about a week; without it (Mod GRF 1-29) it lasts minutes and mimics a natural GHRH pulse.
Pentapeptide ghrelin-receptor agonist from Novo Nordisk. It releases growth hormone without the ACTH and cortisol rise seen with older GHRPs, which is why researchers call it the most selective of the group.
Stabilised analogue of the full 44-amino-acid GHRH. Approved in the US to reduce abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, where visceral fat fell by roughly 15% in 26 weeks; not authorised in the EU.
Synthetic hexapeptide and one of the strongest GH releasers among the GHRPs. Japan uses it as a diagnostic test for growth hormone deficiency; it also lifts cortisol and prolactin a little.
The best known of the first growth hormone releasing peptides, designed in the early 1980s before anyone knew its receptor. Strong GH pulses come with a sharp rise in appetite.
Potent synthetic GHRP that also binds the scavenger receptor CD36, a pathway studied for heart protection in animals. Its GH response weakens when dosing continues for weeks.
An 83-amino-acid version of IGF-1 with arginine at position 3 and a 13-residue extension at the N-terminus. It largely escapes the IGF-binding proteins and is best known as a cell-culture supplement.
Peptides studied in wound, tendon, gut and ageing models, mostly in animals and cell culture.
Fifteen-amino-acid fragment modelled on a protein in human gastric juice. Rodent studies report faster healing of tendon, muscle and gut injuries; no controlled human trials have been published.
Trade name for synthetic thymosin beta-4 products. The natural 43-amino-acid peptide holds actin monomers and steers cell migration; it has been studied in wound, heart and eye repair.
The tripeptide Gly-His-Lys bound to copper, first isolated from human plasma in 1973. Levels fall with age; research looks at collagen production, wound repair and gene expression.
Four-amino-acid peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed in St Petersburg from the pineal extract epithalamin. Cell studies report telomerase activation; nearly all data come from one research school.
Centrally acting peptides: two nootropics developed in Russia and the melanocortin agonists behind pigmentation and libido research.
Heptapeptide made of the ACTH(4-7) fragment plus Pro-Gly-Pro, with no hormonal activity. Used in Russia as nasal drops after stroke; rat studies show rising BDNF levels in the brain.
Seven-amino-acid analogue of the immune peptide tuftsin, extended with Pro-Gly-Pro for stability. Registered in Russia as an intranasal anxiolytic; studies describe effects on GABA signalling and BDNF.
Cyclic alpha-MSH analogue from the University of Arizona that activates several melanocortin receptors. It darkens skin via MC1R and acts centrally on appetite and sexual function; it is not approved anywhere.
Melanocortin agonist developed from melanotan II. Approved in the US (Vyleesi) for low sexual desire in premenopausal women; it works in the brain rather than on blood flow and has no EU authorisation.
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